Atomic complexity; mechanism,  technicality and waste. 

Fatema Miah:
With all the master minded mechanism and production we are one of the top  developed status Nations. With the same wow factors of advancement, simultaneously, we are responsible stakeholders for our environmental, ecological, atmospheric climatic conditions.
I previously wrote about nuclear waste and the danger of it, the types, and decaying time scales. I talked about power stations; their accident, functioning and advanced improvement mechanisms.
After 35 years of service, Dounreay power station was finally decommissioned in 1994. After nearly 20 years later, it’s still full of radioactive waste. Nuclear reactors always produce radioactive waste, and this can range from the contents of the actual core, where the reaction happens, to really anything in the entire plant that becomes contaminated with radiation. Now, current figures show that right now in the UK, we’ve got well over 160,000 tonnes of the radiation stuff, and something needs to be done with them. Here at Dounreay, a 2.9 billion pound clean-up is well underway. There after six years, they’re still dealing with the lowest level waste, the Contaminated paper, rags, tools, which all must be sealed into steel drums and painstakingly analysed.
There are far more low-level waste here than anything else, and some of that are barely radioactive. Though, inside the reactor itself lies a far more serious challenge. Literally  below the feet, is the Dounreay reactor. Now, it’s not in use anymore, inside the core just down there is some very hazardous radioactive material that still remains are uranium and plutonium. And the big challenge is to get all that radioactive stuff out and make it safe. This final stage of the clean-up is due to start next year. Handling this waste will be so hazardous, they’re now installing robots ready to do the entire job remotely.
Mike BROWN (REACTOR DECOMMISSIONING MANAGER) said, The core on this reactor is going to be radioactive for hundreds and hundreds of years. First thing you would be to do is remove the fuel from the reactor. This is a very sophisticated mast, and it has 14 different tools on it. Tools can go into the reactor and cut free the elements. What been describe is, it’s like a big Swiss army knife of multi-tools that can rotate on a mast.It’s a huge Swiss army knife that is designed to work remotely and reliably. That gets rid of all the fuel that’s in the system. Said Mike
Once extracted, the fuel rods will be transferred into a cell containing an automated dismantling robot. For now the robot’s practicing with dummy fuel rods, but once active, it’ll be handling the plant’s most radioactive waste. So once it’s on, once it starts, you’re in production as it were, that’s it. Nobody will be in here again. Said Jem Stansfield. From here, another robot will transfer the individual fuel pellets into stainless steel drums, before sealing them in turn inside heavily shielded containers, he said.
Mike explained , the huge drums of waste would go into an underground repository under very controlled conditions, and they would be stored there forever. The giant  iron caster vast rock mechanism has been articulated by master mind technicality skills and though for the job energy capturing, producing and restoring.
The radioactive waste is a sensitive and concerning matter as I wrote before. There are  sort Solutions. Reuse: Three ways that nuclear waste can be dealt with are reuse, transmutation and burial. The most common method is burial, I explained before in my articles. Some radioactive waste can be reduced by reprocessing, or reusing, some of the spent fuel.
Fuel reprocessing is a complex technological process which is only performed at a relatively small number of sites worldwide. There are, the COGEMA plant at La Hague in France and the Sellafield plant in Cumbria in the UK. If the fuel is to be reprocessed, it first needs to be transported to one of these sites. On arrival to the site, the fuel is stored under water until it can be handled for reprocessing. The main reprocessing
After being separated from the fission products, the uranium and plutonium are separated from each other. The plutonium may be combined with depleted uranium from an enrichment plant to form what is known as MOX (mixed oxide) fuel. MOX has similar characteristics to normal uranium dioxide fuel and it may be used in place of a proportion of this fuel in the same reactors.
There is cost involve. There are issues with the relative proportion of isotopes within MOX and such issues affect the economic viability of reprocessing fuel. The various stages of reprocessing spent fuel create a considerable quantity of high-, intermediate- and low-level waste themselves.
Aside from reprocessing, increased thought is given to other uses of waste. The  fission product molybdenum-99 decays to technetium which is used in medical tracers. Caesium 137 and strontium-90 can both be used in radiotherapy. Extraction of these useful isotopes is not always straightforward but will reduce the quantity of waste that needs storage.
Solution, transmutation: The process of transmutation, heavy fission products with long half-lives are bombarded with neutrons and split into smaller fragments with shorter half-lives. Options on transmutation is mixed. It does provide a solution to the problem of storing the long-lived isotopes in radioactive waste. It is also possible that the process of transmutation could itself be used to generate electricity and future power stations could incorporate transmutation into their running. This would reduce the volume of long-lived isotopes that are produced by fission of uranium.
However, the technology is not able yet functional to deal with large amounts of waste in an economically viable way and the research in this field would be expensive. Also transmutation would itself generate low-level radioactive waste. In any event, while transmutation may significantly reduce the long-term risk of the radioactive waste, it wouldn’t replace the need for storage. Further storage need after all.